What are the main components of a belt conveyor

Belt conveyor is a common conveying equipment widely used in industrial production. Its main components include conveyor belts, driving devices, drums, rollers, tensioning devices, and cleaners. Below, we will provide a detailed introduction to these main components.
1、 Conveyor belt
The conveyor belt is an important component of the belt conveyor, which carries and transports materials. According to different usage scenarios and material characteristics, different types of conveyor belts can be selected, such as ordinary conveyor belts, flame-retardant conveyor belts, heat-resistant conveyor belts, etc. Conveyor belts are generally composed of rubber and skeleton materials, including cotton canvas, nylon canvas, polyester canvas, etc., which play a role in increasing the strength of conveyor belts. The conveyor belt needs to undergo vulcanization treatment in production to have high elasticity and wear resistance.
2、 Drive device
The driving device is the power source of the belt conveyor, which drives the active drum to rotate through the motor reducer, thereby driving the conveyor belt to move. According to different transmission modes and installation positions, the driving device can be divided into two forms: single-sided drive and double-sided drive. To ensure the normal operation of the belt conveyor, it is necessary to choose a suitable driving device and carry out reasonable maintenance and upkeep.
3、 Drum
Drum is one of the important components of belt conveyor, which is mainly divided into two types: transmission drum and directional drum. The transmission drum is mainly used to transmit power and change the direction of movement of the conveyor belt, while the directional drum is mainly used to change the direction of operation of the conveyor belt. The drum is generally welded from cast iron or steel plate, and its surface is quenched or wear-resistant to improve its service life. During the operation of a belt conveyor, the drum needs to maintain good lubrication to reduce friction and wear.
4、 Idler roller
Roller is a component used to support the weight of conveyor belts and materials, consisting of bearing seats, shafts, bearings, and retaining rings. According to different usage scenarios and requirements, different types of idlers can be selected, such as groove idlers, buffer idlers, centering idlers, etc. Idlers play a very important role in belt conveyors. If the quality of the rollers is poor or maintenance is improper, it can lead to faults such as belt deviation, wear, and even breakage. Therefore, it is necessary to choose high-quality rollers and regularly maintain them.
5、 Tensioning device
The tensioning device is a device used to adjust the tension of the conveyor belt, which can maintain a constant tension during operation, preventing the conveyor belt from being too loose or too tight. Tensioning devices are generally divided into two types: mechanical and electric. Mechanical tensioning devices consist of screws, sliders, and tension arms, while electric tensioning devices adjust tension through motors. In the design process of belt conveyors, it is necessary to select appropriate tensioning devices according to the actual situation to ensure the normal operation and service life of the equipment.
6、 Sweeper
A cleaner is a device used to remove residual materials from a conveyor belt, consisting of a scraper, bracket, and spring. Sweepers are generally divided into two types: head sweepers and tail sweepers. The head sweeper is mainly used to remove adhered materials on the conveyor belt, while the tail sweeper is used to remove residual materials on the return journey of the conveyor belt. The design and selection of sweepers need to be based on actual situations to ensure the proper functioning of the equipment